Anemia in paediatrics

Anemia is characterized by a reduced concentration of haemoglobin in the blood. This is a serious condition that, according to the WHO, affects up to 40 % of children under the age of 5. Acute anemia can be manifested by an anemic syndrome (fatigue, paleness, shortness of breath, ...), on the other hand, chronic anemia often goes on for a long time without symptoms due to the body's adaptation to  reduced concentration of haemoglobin and hypoxia. The diagnosis of anemia is mainly based on medical history, physical examination and laboratory examination of blood and urine. Orientation in the differential diagnosis of anemias and early diagnosis can help to choose an adequate therapy. This algorithm offers three stories in paediatrics of the most common types of anemia, which will guide you through a complex and broad differential diagnosis.